The district attorney (DA), also known as a prosecutor, plays a critical role in our criminal justice system. They represent the government in criminal cases. They represent the government in criminal cases and are responsible for ensuring that justice is done by prosecuting people accused of committing crimes. In the United States, the district attorney (DA), the county prosecutor, the county prosecutor, the state's attorney, the state's attorney, the state's attorney, the state's attorney, the state's attorney, the state's attorney, the state's attorney, the state's attorney, the state's attorney, the state's attorney, the state's attorney, the state's attorney, the state's attorney, the state's attorney, the state's attorney, the prosecutor of the state, the prosecutor of the ELA or the attorney is the chief prosecutor or principal law enforcement officer who represents the United States State in a local government area, usually a county or group of counties.
The exact scope of the office varies by state. In general, the prosecutor is said to represent individuals of the jurisdiction in state courts, usually in criminal matters, against defendants. District attorneys are elected in nearly every state and are generally partisan in their role. This is different from similar functions in other common law jurisdictions, where chief prosecutors are appointed based on merit and are expected to be politically independent. The Deputy District Attorney (Assistant District Attorney, ADA), or State Attorney or Deputy State Attorney, is a law enforcement official who represents the state government on behalf of the district attorney in the investigation and prosecution of individuals who have allegedly committed a crime.
In carrying out its functions to enforce state and local laws, the ADA has the authority to investigate individuals, issue subpoenas, file formal criminal charges, negotiate with defendants, and grant immunity to witnesses and accused offenders. In England and Wales, the vast majority of criminal proceedings are handled by the Public Prosecutor's Office of the Crown. The CPS is led by the Director of the Public Prosecutor's Office, who is appointed by the Attorney General of England and Wales. Within the CPS, 14 chief Crown prosecutors, who report to the DPP, lead the regional teams of Crown prosecutors.
With the exception of the Attorney General and the Attorney General of England and Wales, no prosecutor is a political official in England and Wales, and no prosecutor in England and Wales is a law enforcement official by virtue of his office. The prosecutor is the legal representative of the prosecution in states that have the accusatory system, which is adopted in common law, or the inquisitive system, which is adopted in civil law. The prosecution is the legal party responsible for presenting the case in a criminal trial against the defendant, an individual accused of breaking the law. Usually, the prosecutor represents the state or government in the case brought against the accused person.
Prosecutors are usually lawyers licensed in law and recognized as qualified legal professionals by the court in which they act. This may mean that they have been admitted to the bar association or that they have obtained a comparable qualification, when available, such as that of lawyer lawyer in English law. They become involved in a criminal case once the suspect has been identified and charges must be brought. They are employees of a government office, with safeguards to ensure that such office can successfully pursue the prosecution of government officials.
There are several offices in a single country, especially in those countries with federal governments where sovereignty has been bifurcated or transferred in some way. Because state power backs prosecutors, they are subject to special rules of professional responsibility, in addition to those required by all attorneys. For example, in the United States, rule 3.8 of the ABA's Model Rules of Professional Conduct requires prosecutors to promptly disclose to the defense all evidence or information that tends to deny the defendant's guilt or to mitigate the crime. Not all States of the United States adopt the model rules; however, U.S.
Supreme Court cases and other appellate cases have ruled that such disclosure is mandatory. Typical sources of ethical requirements imposed on prosecutors come from appellate court opinions, state or federal court rules, and state or federal laws (codified laws). Australian prosecutors belong to a few different species. Lower court prosecutors for minor criminal cases are police sergeants with an internship in prosecution and defense that lasts approximately one year, although they may be licensed in law.
Crown prosecutors are always attorneys and, generally, attorneys, and represent the State or the Commonwealth in serious criminal cases before superior courts, county courts and superiors. In addition to police prosecutors and Crown prosecutors, government agencies have the authority to appoint people other than lawyers to prosecute on their behalf, such as RSPCA inspectors. In Canada, prosecutors in most provinces are called Crown Procurator or Crown Counselor. They are usually appointed by the provincial attorney general.
The public prosecutor's office landscape in England and Wales is very varied, meaning that a prosecutor can refer to different people and functions. Crown prosecutors are attorneys who work for the CPS. They are responsible for investigating, advising on police investigations, preparing cases for trial, and sometimes presenting the case at trial. These attorneys may also be referred to as prosecutors. Other bodies are empowered to take legal action in England and Wales, such as the Serious Fraud Office (SFO), the Service Prosecutor's Office (SPA) and the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA).
These organizations and their legal representatives may be referred to as prosecutors. The same applies to any person, organization or their representatives during a private process. Finally, when cases are brought to trial, a lawyer or attorney with more hearing rights can present the case to a magistrate or judge (with or without a jury). In these cases, when talking about the prosecutor, reference is made to the lawyer who is processing the case during the trial.
For most serious crimes, the CPS or other tax authority will instruct an attorney to represent them. In the most serious cases, you can be an attorney for the king, and lawyers can work as a team with a leader who leads young people. Unlike what happens in the United States, these attorneys for the prosecution will work on a case-by-case basis and, therefore, can also engage in defense work; they will not be hired solely to advocate for the prosecution. Crown prosecutors are subject to a strict code of conduct, known as the Crown Prosecutors Code, which governs the way charges are brought and trials are conducted.
This fundamental code is supported by a number of other policies, most notably the Director's Guide to Pricing. The first stage of processing a case is deciding to charge the suspect, and it is this process that initiates the prosecution. The CPS has the authority to decide if a person is charged with all crimes. However, the police can charge with all summary and other crimes when there is a guilty plea.
anticipated. The nature of the crime is suitable for sentencing in the trial court. The conclusion that there is a realistic prospect of conviction is based on the prosecutor's objective evaluation of the evidence, including the impact of any defense and any other information that the suspect has presented or can be based on. This means that a jury or a court of objective, impartial and reasonable magistrates or judges who hear the case alone, who are well led and acting in accordance with the law, are more likely to convict the defendant for the charge being charged.
This is a different test than the one that the criminal courts themselves must apply. A court can only convict if it is certain that the defendant is guilty. The rule that processing starts automatically once the probationary phase has been passed has never been followed. In general, the prosecution will take place unless the prosecutor is convinced that there are factors of public interest that tend against the prosecution and that outweigh those that tend in favor.
In some cases, the prosecutor may be convinced that the public interest can be adequately defended by offering the offender the opportunity to have the matter resolved extrajudicially instead of initiating criminal action. State investigative agencies, such as the Serious Fraud Office (SFO) and the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), together with independent prosecutors, such as the Service Attorney's Office, can initiate legal actions on their own without using the CPS. However, these prosecutors will follow the rules established by the Crown Prosecutors Code and their own prosecution policies, which may address issues specific to the types of crimes they engage in. Sometimes there can be confusion as to which agency is responsible for initiating criminal action.
The prosecuting agency may affect the ability to properly prosecute a crime, since not all agencies can investigate and prosecute all crimes. In R. v. Stafford Justices ex parte Customs and Excise Commissioners (199) 2 All ER 201, the court ruled that the police only initiate proceedings when they have investigated, arrested and brought the arrested person to the custody officer.
The police do not initiate a case simply because an officer responsible for the custody of a police station accuses the suspect. Applying the same principle, another fiscal body initiates a procedure when it has been solely responsible for the investigation and arrest of the suspect, even if the suspect is taken to the police station to be charged by a custody officer. While Scottish law is a mixed system, its civil law jurisdiction indicates its civil law heritage. In this case, all proceedings are carried out by Deputy Prosecutors and Deputy Lawyers on behalf of the Lord Advocate and, in theory, they can lead investigations by the Scottish Police.
In very serious cases, a prosecutor, a deputy lawyer or even the Lord Advocate can take over a police investigation. The Attorney General, the Deputy Counsel or the Lord Advocate have the discretionary power to bring an accusation to a court and decide whether or not to initiate it through a solemn or summary proceeding. The Scottish prosecutor has other remedies, such as tax fines and extrajudicial interventions, such as rehabilitation and social assistance. All processes are handled by the Crown Office and the Attorney General's Tax Service.
Prosecutors usually refer cases involving minors to juvenile hearings, which are not courts of law, but a panel composed of lay members empowered to act for the benefit of the child. Prosecutors also have the task of ensuring that justice is done in their proceedings. The United States attorney explained that the U.S. UU.
Supreme Court prosecutors are usually public servants who have a university degree in law and additional training in the administration of justice. In some countries, such as France and Italy, they are classified as judges. In France, the Office of the Prosecutor includes a chief prosecutor (Procureur de la République in the courts of first instance and Procureur Général in the courts of appeal or the Court of Cassation) and his deputies and assistants (avocats generaux and alternates). The Attorney General initiates preliminary investigations and, if necessary, asks that an investigating judge (juge d'instruction) be assigned to lead a formal judicial investigation.
When an investigation is led by a judge, the prosecutor performs an oversight role, defining the extent of the crimes being examined by the judge and law enforcement. Like the defense attorney, the chief prosecutor may request or request that further investigation be carried out. During criminal proceedings, prosecutors are responsible for presenting the case at trial to the court or jury. Prosecutors often suggest advisory guidelines for making judgments, but the sentence is left to the court's discretion to decide, increase or reduce it as it deems appropriate.
In addition, prosecutors have several administrative functions. Prosecutors are considered magistrates under French law, as in most civil law countries. While both the defense and the plaintiff are represented by ordinary lawyers, who sit (in chairs) in the courtroom, the prosecutor sits on a platform as does the judge, although he does not participate in the deliberation. Judges and prosecutors are trained at the same school and consider themselves colleagues. In appellate courts, the Office of the Prosecutor is called the Procuratorate Generale and the Chief Prosecutor, Procuratore Generale (PG).
The Procuratore Generale presso la Corte di Cassazione is the Chief Attorney General before the Corte di Cassazione, the Supreme Court of Italy. During their careers, prosecutors can act in place of each other, although a ruling by the Italian Constitutional Court established that prosecutors who wish to become judges must move to another region and are prohibited from attending or listening to trials that they themselves have initiated. A public prosecutor is an office used in socialist legislation, which in some ways corresponds to that of a prosecutor in other legal systems, but with broader responsibilities, such as managing investigations that would otherwise be carried out by sections of the police. On the contrary, the police systems of socialist countries, such as the Militsiya of the Soviet Union, were not intended to fulfill the same functions as police forces in democratic countries. In many countries, the prosecutor's administration is directly subordinate to the executive branch (for example, in other countries, such as Brazil or Italy, prosecutors are judicial public officials, so they have the same freedoms and independence that judges traditionally enjoy).
In other countries, there is a form of private prosecution, meaning that private individuals or entities can apply directly to the courts to hold a trial against someone they consider guilty of a crime, if the prosecutor refuses to charge. An official website of the United States government Official websites use. gov A. The gov website belongs to an official government organization of the United States. Acquittal: sentence according to which the guilt of a criminal defendant has not been proven beyond of any reasonable doubt.
Confirmed: Judgment handed down by appellate courts in which the decree or order is declared valid and will be maintained as decided in the lower court. Alford Declaration: A statement by the defendant that allows him to assert his innocence, but allows the court to sentence the defendant without holding a trial. Basically, the defendant admits that the evidence is sufficient to prove his guilt. This statement is often made for the purpose of negotiating a settlement with the prosecutor on minor charges or a sentence.
Appeal: A request made after a trial asking another court (usually the appellate court) to decide if the trial was conducted properly. To submit such a request is to appeal or file an appeal. Both the plaintiff and the defendant can appeal, and the party that does so is called the appellant. Appeals can be filed for a variety of reasons, such as an incorrect procedure and asking the court to change its interpretation of the law.
Appeal: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgment of another court or lower court. Accusation of charges: Procedure in which a person accused of committing a crime appears in court, is informed of the charges, and is asked to plead guilty or not guilty. Bankruptcy: refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving individuals or companies that cannot pay their debts and request the help of the court to start from scratch. Under bankruptcy court protection, debtors can pay off their debts, perhaps paying off a portion of each debt.
Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings. Trial without jury: trial without a jury in which a judge decides the facts. In a jury trial, the jury decides the facts. Occasionally, defendants will waive the right to a trial by jury and will opt for a trial without a jury.
Beyond a reasonable doubt: standard required to convict a criminal defendant for a crime. The prosecution must prove guilt so that the jury has no reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty. Binding precedent: a previous court decision that must be enforced without a compelling reason or without significantly different facts or issues. Courts are often bound by the decisions of appellate courts that have the authority to review their decisions.
For example, district courts are subject to decisions of the appellate court that can review their cases, and all courts, both state and federal, are subject to decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States. Offense punishable by capital punishment: a crime punishable by death. In the federal system, it applies to crimes such as first-degree murder, genocide, and treason. Jurisprudence: the use of court decisions to determine how other laws (such as laws) should be applied in a given situation.
For example, a trial court may use a previous Supreme Court decision that has similar problems. Indictment: The law that the police believe the defendant has broken. Indictment presented to the jury: instructions from the judge to the jury about the law that applies to the facts of the case being tried. Chief Judge: The judge who has primary responsibility for the administration of a court. The chief judge also decides cases, and the choice of chief judges is determined by seniority.
Circumstantial evidence: Any evidence other than direct evidence (such as eyewitness testimony). Court Clerk: Official appointed by the court to work with the chief judge in overseeing the administration of the court, especially to help manage the flow of cases in court and maintain court records. Common law: the legal system that originated in England and is now used in the United States. It is based on court decisions and not on laws passed by the legislature.
Continuation: A judge's decision to postpone the trial until a later date. Contract: An agreement between two or more people that creates an obligation to do or not to do a particular thing. Conviction: Guilty sentence against a criminal defendant. Lawyer: legal advice; a term used to refer to attorneys in a case. Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant files against a plaintiff.
Often, counterclaims can be brought in the same proceeding as the plaintiff's lawsuits. Court: Government entity authorized to resolve legal disputes. Judges sometimes use the court to refer to themselves in the third person, such as when the court has read the briefs. Judicial journalist: a person who makes a word-for-word record of what is said in court and produces a transcript of the process if requested.
Cross-examination: questioning of a witness by the other party's lawyer. Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate plaintiffs for your injuries. Absent judgment: A judgment handed down because the defendant failed to respond or did not appear. Respondent: in a civil lawsuit, the person being sued; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
Defense table: table where the defense attorney sits with the defendant in the courtroom. Deposition: oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to take an oath. These statements are often taken to question potential witnesses, to obtain a discovery, or to be used later in the trial. Direct evidence: Evidence that supports a fact without inference.
Discovery: Examination by attorneys, before trial, of the facts and documents held by opponents to help attorneys prepare for trial. File: record containing brief annotations of judicial proceedings. In banking: in the bank or in the full bank. It refers to court sessions in which all members of a court participate, rather than the usual quorum.
Courts of appeal usually meet in panels of three judges, but they can be expanded to a larger number in certain cases that they consider important enough for all courts to decide on them. It is then said that they meet in plenary session. Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the investigator of the facts (judge or jury) to decide the case by one party or another. Exculpatory evidence: Evidence that tends to prove the defendant's innocence. Evidence: physical evidence or documents that are presented in a court proceeding.
The most common evidence includes contracts, weapons, and photographs. Federal Issue: Jurisdiction granted to federal courts in cases related to the interpretation and application of the Constitution of the United States, laws of Congress, and treaties. In some cases, state courts can also decide on these issues, but cases can always be brought before federal courts. Felony: A crime that carries a penalty of more than one year in prison. Filing: Placing a document in the official custody of the court clerk for inclusion in a case file or record.
Lawyers must submit a variety of documents over the life of a case. Grand jury: a body of citizens that hears the evidence of criminal charges brought by the government and determines if there are probable reasons to believe that the crime was committed. As used in federal criminal cases, the government refers to U.S. attorneys.
UU. Office of the prosecutor who is prosecuting the case. Grand jury proceedings are closed to the public and the person suspected of having committed the crime has no right to be present or to have an attorney present. States are not required to use grand juries, but the federal government must do so under the Constitution. Habeas corpus: a court order that is frequently used to bring a prisoner to court to determine the legality of his imprisonment.
A prisoner who wants to argue that there is no sufficient cause to be imprisoned will file a writ of habeas corpus. It can also be used to bring a detained person to court to testify or to be prosecuted. Hearing testimony: statements from a witness who did not see or hear the incident in question, but who learned about it through second-hand information, such as a statement from another person, a newspaper, or a document. Rumors are usually not admissible as evidence in court, but there are many exceptions to that rule.
Accusation: (The process of questioning something, such as challenging the testimony of a witness.) Incriminating evidence: Evidence that tends to prove the defendant's guilt. Indictment: Formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is sufficient evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify holding a trial; it is primarily used for serious crimes. In forma pauperis: In the manner of an indigent. Permission granted to a person to sue without payment of court fees for indigence or poverty.
Information: A formal accusation by a government lawyer that the defendant committed a misdemeanor. Initial hearing: judicial proceeding in which the defendant learns about his rights and the charges against him and the judge decides to release him on bail. Court order: court order that prohibits (or obliges) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable harm or injury. Interview: a meeting with the police or prosecutor.
Subject matter: (The controversial point in a disagreement between the parties in a lawsuit. To ship officially, such as to issue an order. Judge: Government official with authority to decide lawsuits brought before the courts. The judicial officers of the Supreme Court and the highest court in each state are called judges.
Judgment: The official decision of a court that ultimately determines the respective rights and claims of the parties to a lawsuit. Jurisdiction: (The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility in the same case. Some issues can be heard in state and federal courts.
The plaintiff initially decides where to file the lawsuit, but in some cases, the defendant may request a change of court. The geographical area over which the court has authority to decide cases. A federal court in a state, for example, can normally only decide a case that has arisen as a result of actions in that state. Jury: Person who is part of the jury. Jury: people selected in accordance with the law and who have sworn to investigate and deliver a verdict on questions of fact.
In some cases, state court juries can be as small as six members. Federal juries for civil lawsuits must have six juries. Criminal lawsuits they must be twelve. Instructions from the jury: An explanation from the judge to the jury before deliberations begin on the questions to be answered and the law that governs the case.
Each party suggests the jury's instructions to the judge, but the judge chooses the final wording. Jury group: the group of people from whom the actual jury is chosen. The jury is randomly selected from a source, such as voter registration banks. The attorneys in the case choose real jurors from the jury group through a process called voir dire. Jurisprudence: the study of the law and the structure of the legal system.
Lawsuit: Legal action initiated by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint alleging that the defendant failed to comply with a legal obligation, resulting in harm to the plaintiff. Legal Secretary (or Staff Attorney): They help judges research and draft their opinions. Librarian: meets the information needs of judges and lawyers. Litigation: a case, controversy, or lawsuit.
The participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants. Judges of first instance: judicial officers that help the U.S. District court judges are preparing cases for trial. They can decide some criminal and civil lawsuits when both parties agree that the case should be heard by a trial judge rather than a district court judge.
Misdemeanor: Usually a misdemeanor, a less serious offense than a felony, punishable by less than one year in prison. Void trial: an invalid judgment caused by a fundamental error. When the trial is declared void, the trial must begin all over again, beginning with the selection of a new jury. Motion: Attempt to get the court to hear a limited matter.
Motions can be filed before, during, and after the trial. It has the same effect as the guilty plea when it comes to the criminal sentence, but the guilty plea cannot be considered an admission of guilt for any other purpose. Sometimes, a guilty plea could later be used to prove guilt in a lawsuit, but the declaration of nolo contdere forces the plaintiff in the lawsuit to prove that the defendant committed the crime. Oath: Promise to tell the truth.
Objection: A lawyer's protest, challenging a statement or question made at trial. Common objections include having a lawyer “guide” the witness or having a witness make a hearsay. Once an objection is filed, the judge must decide whether to allow the question or statement. Oral argument: an opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position before the court in an appeal and also to respond to questions from judges.
Panel: (in appellate cases, a group of judges (usually three) assigned to decide the case; (in the jury selection process, the group of potential jurors). Parties: plaintiffs and defendants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits, also known as appellants and appellants in appeals, and their lawyers. Minor jury (or trial jury): group of citizens who hear the evidence presented by both parties in the trial and determine the facts in dispute. Federal criminal juries are comprised of 12 people.
Federal civil juries consist of six people. Plaintiff: the person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit. Guilty plea: In a criminal case, the statement of the defendant pleading guilty or innocent in response to charges at a public hearing. You can also file a declaration of no contention or a statement from Alford. A guilty plea allows the defendant to waive a trial.
Plea agreement (or plea agreement): agreement between the defendant and the prosecutor in which the defendant pleads guilty in exchange for a concession by the prosecutor. It may include minor charges, the dismissal of the charges, or the prosecutor's recommendation to the judge for a lighter sentence. Precedent: judicial decision issued in a previous case with facts and laws similar to those of a dispute that is currently being processed before a court. Usually, precedent will govern the decision of a subsequent similar case, unless one of the parties can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed significantly.
Some precedents are binding, meaning that must be respected. The court does not need to follow other precedents, but they can be considered influential. Procedure: the rules for processing a lawsuit; there are rules of civil, criminal, evidentiary, bankruptcy and appellate procedure. Preliminary hearing: A hearing in which the judge decides if there is sufficient evidence to require the defendant to go to trial.
Preliminary hearings don't require the same rules as trials. For example, rumors are usually admissible during the preliminary hearing, but not during the trial. Pre-trial meeting: Meeting between the judge and lawyers to discuss what issues should be presented to the jury, review evidence and witnesses, set a schedule, and discuss the solution of the case. Probable cause: a number of suspicions that lead us to believe that certain facts are probably true. The Fourth Amendment requires probable cause to issue an arrest or search warrant. Probation: An alternative sentence to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision provided that certain conditions are met.
Probation officers (or officers of the pre-trial detention services): screen applicants for provisional release and monitor convicts released under judicial supervision. Pro se: Latin term that means to act in their own name; in court, it refers to people who file their own cases without a lawyer. Prosecute: accusing someone of a crime. A prosecutor judges a criminal case on behalf of the government.
Public Defenders: They represent defendants who cannot afford an attorney in criminal matters. Pretrial detention: When an appellate court returns a case to a lower court to continue the proceedings. The trial court usually has to do something different, but that doesn't always mean that the court's final decision will change. Journalist: makes a record of court proceedings, prepares a transcript and publishes court opinions or decisions.
Reversion: When an appellate court overturns a lower court's decision due to an error. The revocation is usually followed by pre-trial detention. For example, if the defendant argued on appeal that certain evidence should not have been used in the trial, and the appellate court agrees, the case will be remanded to pre-trial detention for reconsideration by the trial court without that evidence. Search warrant: orders that objects be searched in a specific location that, if found, can be used as evidence in court.
Search warrants require probable cause in order to be issued. Sentencing: The punishment ordered by a court for a defendant convicted of a crime. Federal courts take into account the guidelines of the United States Sentencing Commission when deciding the appropriate punishment for a given crime. Procedural delivery: notification of orders or summons to the party corresponding.
Settlement: The parties to a lawsuit settle their difference without having a trial. Settlements usually involve the payment of compensation by one party to satisfy the other party's claims. Sometimes, jurors stay away from outside influences during their deliberations. Sidebar: conference between the judge and the lawyers that is held out of reach of the jury and spectators. Statement: Description that a witness gives to the police and that the police write down.
Statute: law passed by a legislature. Statute of limitations: law that establishes the time period within which parties must take steps to assert their rights. Suspension: Temporary pause or suspension of a judicial proceeding. Suspensions are usually designed to end upon completion of a specific event (for example, subpoena: ordering a witness to appear and testify). Citation duces tecum: order addressed to a witness to submit documents.
Summary judgment: decision made on the basis of statements and evidence submitted for registration without trial. It is used when there is no controversy as to the facts of the case and one of the parties has the right to be tried as a matter of law. Temporary Restraining Order: Prohibits a person from taking an action that could cause irreparable harm. This differs from a court order in that it can be granted immediately, without prior notice to the opposing party and without a hearing.
It is expected to last only until a hearing can be held. Testify: Answer questions in court. Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before a grand jury. Tort: A civil offense or the breach of a duty to another person as established by law.
A very common tort is the negligent operation of a motor vehicle that causes property damage and personal injury in a car accident. Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads not guilty and the parties must appear in court to present evidence. Confirm: an appellate court's decision not to overturn a lower court decision. Attorney (or federal prosecutor): Attorney appointed by the president in each judicial district to prosecute and defend cases on behalf of the federal government.
Marshal (or bailiff): enforce rules of behavior in courtrooms. Headquarters: the geographical location where a case is being tried. Verdict: The decision of a smaller jury or judge. Victim Advocate: Work with prosecutors and help victims of crime.
Voir dire: process by which judges and lawyers select a small jury from among those who are eligible to act, questioning them to determine if they know the facts of the case and if they are willing to decide the case solely on the basis of the evidence presented to the court. Voir dire is a phrase that means to tell the truth. Witness: A person summoned by either party to a lawsuit to testify before the court or jury. Order of certiora: order issued by the Supreme Court ordering the lower court to transmit the records of a case that it will hear on appeal.
Usually, the Supreme Court is not required to hear appeals of the cases. The denial of the “certificate” by the Supreme Court allows the previous ruling to be upheld. Executive Office of the United States Attorney, United States Department of Justice, 950 Pennsylvania Avenue, NWRoom 2242 Washington, DC 20530-0001 Do you have questions about government services? Prosecutors are lawyers appointed by the government to represent them in criminal cases. At the local and state levels, prosecutors can work in the offices of the district attorney or the attorney general, while at the federal level they can work in the offices of the United States Department of Justice.
Within these offices, prosecutors can work in specialized units that focus on different types of criminal cases, including homicide, domestic violence, juvenile prosecution, and appeals. Staff attorneys are more commonly known as Assistant District Attorneys (ADA) or Deputy District Attorneys (DDA); in states where the head of the office is called the state's attorney, staff attorneys are often referred to as Deputy State Attorneys (ASA). Most of the processing is delegated to deputy prosecutors, and the head of the office sometimes processes the most important cases and is generally responsible for the agency and its work. State attorneys or state attorneys are used in Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Maryland, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Vermont. The prosecution is the legal party responsible for presenting the case against a person suspected of violating state criminal law, initiating and conducting further criminal investigations, guiding and recommending the sentencing of offenders, and is the only attorney authorized to participate in grand jury proceedings.
Most criminal matters in the United States are handled in state court systems, but a comparable office of the United States Federal Government is that of the United States Attorney. District attorneys do not prosecute federal crimes, which fall under the purview of a United States attorney. In some jurisdictions, the district attorney can act as lead counsel for municipal police, county police, state police, and all state law enforcement agencies within the state attorney's jurisdiction. In some jurisdictions, the county prosecutor does not deal with any criminal matter, but only acts as legal counsel to the county.
Not only does the Staatsanwalt have a professional responsibility not to withhold exculpatory information, but it is also required by law to actively determine such circumstances and to make them available to the defendant or defense attorney. In Canada, the equivalent position of a district attorney is that of crown prosecutor, crown attorney or crown prosecutor, depending on the province, and the equivalent of a deputy district attorney is that of assistant crown prosecutor, assistant crown attorney or assistant crown prosecutor, respectively. The principal functions of the district attorney are usually mandatory by law and include representing the State in all criminal proceedings for crimes that have been committed in the geographic jurisdiction of the district attorney. The district attorney usually divides his services into several departments that deal with different areas of criminal law. Depending on the crime, cases may be prosecuted by a Deputy Attorney General working for the state, by a district attorney elected at the county level, by a municipal prosecutor for violations of municipal or county ordinances, or by a corporate lawyer working for the county.
The title used for staff attorneys is that of Deputy Attorney General in Rhode Island and Deputy Attorney General in Delaware.
